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4340 steel is a versatile and popular alloy steel known for its excellent combination of strength, toughness, and machinability. It is a medium-carbon, low-alloy steel that contains nickel, chromium, and molybdenum. These alloying elements contribute to the desirable properties of 4340 steel: High strength: 4340 steel can be heat treated to achieve very high tensile and yield strengths. This makes it a good choice for applications that require strong components, such as gears, shafts, and axles. Toughness: 4340 steel is also very tough, meaning it can resist cracking and breaking under stress. This is important for applications that involve impact or shock loading. Machinability: 4340 steel can be machined relatively easily in its annealed condition. However, its machinability decreases after heat treatment. 4340 steel is used in a wide variety of applications, including: Aerospace: Landing gear, engine components, helicopter parts Automotive: Gears, shafts, axles, suspension components Oil and gas: Drill bits, well casings Construction: Heavy machinery components, cranes General engineering: Gears, shafts, bearings, fasteners